i-ELOOP [i-ELOOP]

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Outline

•  For improved fuel economy, electrical power is generated using kinetic energy during deceleration and retrieved as electrical energy, which decreases the amount of fuel used for supplying power.
•  The Mazda-unique regenerative braking system* stores large quantities of energy instantly during deceleration using a Capacitor (i-ELOOP) which can be tapped quickly for use. Through efficient regenerative braking, storage and use, effective fuel economy improvement during actual driving can be expected.
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*  :The regenerative braking system is a mechanism for converting kinetic energy during deceleration to electrical energy and storing it for reuse. The electricity stored from the regenerative braking is re-used as power for electrical devices such as the A/C and audio, which decreases the fuel consumption amount required by the engine to supply power.

Structural View

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•  i-ELOOP consists mainly of the following parts.

Capacitor (i-ELOOP)
(See CAPACITOR (i-ELOOP) [i-ELOOP].)
DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP)
(See DC-DC CONVERTER (i-ELOOP) [i-ELOOP].)
Generator
(See GENERATOR [i-ELOOP].)


System Wiring Diagram

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*1  :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C), rear seat warmer switch, auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, rear mount camera, commander switch (with center display)
*2  :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
*3  :SKYACTIV-G 2.0, SKYACTIV-G 2.5
*4  :SKYACTIV-D 2.2
*5  :SKYACTIV-D 2.2 (MTX)
*6  :SKYACTIV-D 2.2 (ATX)

Operation

•  The operation aspect of i-ELOOP is as follows.
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•  The i-ELOOP operation mode varies depending on the vehicle driving conditions and the conditions of i-ELOOP-related parts.

Condition

Operation mode

Reference
Regeneration, storage
1.Regenerative braking mode
(See 1. Regenerative braking mode.)
2. Conventional power generation mode (no regenerative braking)
(See 2. Conventional power generation mode (no regenerative braking).)
Use
3. Capacitor (i-ELOOP) power supply mode
(See 3. Capacitor (i-ELOOP) power supply mode.)
4. Battery power supply mode
(See 4. Battery power supply mode.)
5. i-stop mode
(See 5. i-stop mode (Engine restart).)
6. By-pass mode
(See 6. By-pass mode.)
Other mode
7. Pre-charge mode
(See 7. Pre-charge mode.)
8. Capacitor (i-ELOOP) power generation mode
(See 8. Capacitor (i-ELOOP) power generation mode.)


1. Regenerative braking mode

Purpose
•  During deceleration, fuel economy is improved by the generator producing electricity.
Operation condition
•  During fuel-cut by release of accelerator pedal and TCC engagement
Operation content
•  Generator operates at full capacity and stores electricity in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP). The voltage stored in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) is lowered by the DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) and electrical power is supplied to the vehicle electrical devices.
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*1  :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C), rear seat warmer switch, auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, rear mount camera, commander switch (with center display)
*2  :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1


2. Conventional power generation mode (no regenerative braking)

Purpose
•  During constant/acceleration travel, battery stability is maintained by the power generated by the generator.
Operation condition
•  During engine rotation, battery voltage is certain value or less
Operation content
•  Generator operates and 12 to 24.3 V of electrical power is stored in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP). The voltage stored in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) is lowered by the DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) and electrical power is supplied to the vehicle electrical devices. (Compared to regenerative braking mode, amount of power generated by generator is low.)
am6zzn00003254
*1  :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C), rear seat warmer switch, auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, rear mount camera, commander switch (with center display)
*2  :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1


3. Capacitor (i-ELOOP) power supply mode

Purpose
•  Electrical power is supplied to vehicle electrical devices from the Capacitor (i-ELOOP).
Operation condition
•  Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage exceeds battery voltage.
Operation content
•  The voltage stored in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) is lowered by the DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) and electrical power is supplied to vehicle electrical devices.
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*1  :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C), rear seat warmer switch, auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, rear mount camera, commander switch (with center display)
*2  :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1


4. Battery power supply mode

Purpose
•  Electrical power is supplied to vehicle electrical devices from the battery.
Operation condition
•  Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage certain value or less, or during cranking.
Operation content
•  The same as on contemporary vehicles, electrical power is supplied to vehicle electrical devices from the battery.
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*1  :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C), rear seat warmer switch, auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, rear mount camera, commander switch (with center display)
*2  :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1


5. i-stop mode (Engine restart)

Purpose
•  During engine restarting using i-stop, the power supply source is divided between the battery and Capacitor (i-ELOOP) to assure a supply of power to the vehicle’s electrical devices.
Operation condition
•  Engine restarting by i-stop
Operation content
•  The i-stop relay in the DC-DC converter turns off and electrical power from the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) for the battery in which the voltage has decreased by engine cranking is not supplied. As a result, mainly the battery supplies electrical power for the starter, enabling the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) to supply electrical power stable to the vehicle’s electrical devices.
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*1  :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C), rear seat warmer switch, auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, rear mount camera, commander switch (with center display)
*2  :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1


6. By-pass mode

Note
•  During by-pass mode, verification is not possible using the instrument cluster indication.
•  If high-capacity audio or additional electrical devices are connected, the by-pass mode may operate frequently due to the increase in the vehicle electrical load.
Purpose
•  If vehicle electrical load (consumption current) exceeds 50 A or more, a bypass relay within the DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) is energized to supply power generated by the generator directly to the vehicle electrical devices.
Operation condition
•  Bypass mode is operating due to the following conditions:
―  Vehicle electric load (current consumption) is 50 A or more
―  Voltage reduction circuit in DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) is malfunctioning
―  Battery charge condition is less than 65%
―  During DPF regeneration control (SKYACTIV-D 2.2)
Operation content
•  Turns the bypass relay in the DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) on and the power generated by the generator is also supplied directly to the vehicle’s electrical devices.At this time, the amount of power generated by the generator is suppressed so that power can be supplied directly to the vehicle’s electrical devices.
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*1  :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C), rear seat warmer switch, auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, rear mount camera, commander switch (with center display)
*2  :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1


7. Pre-charge mode

Note
•  If the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) continues to self-discharge (vehicle left for long periods with engine not started)/excess back-up current consumption, the pre-charge mode may operate due to the decrease in Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage.
•  If the vehicle is jump started, leave the jumper connected until the warning message is no longer displayed.
•  If vehicle is driven while the warning is displayed, a warning sound will be heard and power steering assist will be limited.
Purpose
•  The Capacitor (i-ELOOP) charges for the following two reasons.
―  If the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage is low, the excitation current to the generator lowers and the generator may not be able to generate power.
―  To supply power to the battery from the Capacitor (i-ELOOP), a higher electrical load than the battery is required.
Operation condition
•  If the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage is a certain value or less (stops operation when Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage reaches certain value or more.)
Operation content
•  Depending on each type of condition, the method for charging the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) varies.

Condition

Power supply method

Instrument cluster display
Negative battery cable is connected
Power supplied from battery to Capacitor (i-ELOOP)
Not applicable
Ignition switched ON (engine off) while engine is stopped
Power supplied from battery to Capacitor (i-ELOOP)
Not applicable
Engine is started
Power supplied from generator to Capacitor (i-ELOOP)
Applicable

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*1  :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C), rear seat warmer switch, auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, rear mount camera, commander switch (with center display)
*2  :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
•  The PCM sends a message display request signal to the instrument cluster during Capacitor (i-ELOOP) pre-charge when the engine is started.
•  If the vehicle is driven while “i-ELOOP charging” is displayed in the multi-information display, the PCM sends an i-ELOOP warning alarm sound to the instrument cluster.
•  A message display request signal is sent for a maximum of 3 min and if the message display request condition continues for 3 minutes or more, the PCM sends a master warning light request and message display request to the instrument cluster or the connectivity master unit (CMU).
•  For details on the i-ELOOP warning indication/i-ELOOP warning light (amber) or the i-ELOOP indication/i-ELOOP indicator light (green), refer to [i-ELOOP warning indication/i-ELOOP warning light (amber)]/[i-ELOOP indication/i-ELOOP indicator light (green)]. (See i-ELOOP WARNING INDICATION/i-ELOOP WARNING LIGHT (AMBER) [i-ELOOP].) (See i-ELOOP INDICATION/i-ELOOP INDICATOR LIGHT (GREEN) [i-ELOOP].)
•  For details on the i-ELOOP warning alarm, refer to [i-ELOOP warning alarm]. (See i-ELOOP WARNING ALARM [i-ELOOP].)
•  For details on the multi-information display, refer to [MULTI-INFORMATION DISPLAY]. (See MULTI-INFORMATION DISPLAY.)
•  For details on the center display, refer to [CENTER DISPLAY]. (See CENTER DISPLAY [WITH CENTER DISPLAY].)


8. Capacitor (i-ELOOP) power generation mode

Purpose
•  Surplus power stored in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) charges the battery.
Operation condition
•  With ignition switched off and hood closed, Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage is certain voltage or more.
Operation content
•  During normal operation, extra voltage from the capacitor is used to charge the battery. If the battery voltage is high and power cannot be supplied from the capacitor to the battery, capacitor voltage flows to the ground side.

Normal operation

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*1  :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C), rear seat warmer switch, auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, rear mount camera, commander switch (with center display)
*2  :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1

When power cannot be supplied to battery

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*1  :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C), rear seat warmer switch, auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, rear mount camera, commander switch (with center display)
*2  :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1

•  The following are examples of the i-ELOOP operation in each mode.
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i-ELOOP operation status

Without center display
•  The i-ELOOP operation status can be determined by the illumination/flashing of the i-ELOOP indicator light (green).
•  For details on the i-ELOOP indicator light (green), refer to i-ELOOP indicator light (green). (See i-ELOOP INDICATION/i-ELOOP INDICATOR LIGHT (GREEN) [i-ELOOP].)
With center display
•  The i-ELOOP operation status can be determined using the center display.
•  For details on the center display, refer to center display. (See CENTER DISPLAY [WITH CENTER DISPLAY].)